Introduction to Sociology 9th Edition Test Bank
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CHAPTER 4: SOCIALIZATION AND THE LIFE CYCLE
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Children learn the values, norms, and social
practices of their culture. This process is defined as:
|
a.
|
evolution
|
|
b.
|
socialization
|
|
c.
|
sensitization
|
|
d.
|
social reproduction
|
|
e.
|
social interaction
|
ANS:
B
DIF:
Easy
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
2. Children learn the ways of their elders, the
values, norms, and behaviors of a society are perpetuated, which is known as:
|
a.
|
evolution
|
|
b.
|
socialization
|
|
c.
|
sensitization
|
|
d.
|
social reproduction
|
|
e.
|
social interaction
|
ANS:
D
DIF:
Easy
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
3. Which of the following is NOT provided to the
individual through the process of socialization?
|
a.
|
values
|
|
b.
|
instincts
|
|
c.
|
behavioral
guidelines
|
|
d.
|
capacity for
independent thought and free will
|
|
e.
|
connection to other
generations
|
ANS:
B
DIF: Medium
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
4. Based on the text discussion, one can infer
that for humans to be adequately socialized, it is imperative that they have:
|
a.
|
two parents: a
mother and a father
|
|
b.
|
formal schooling
|
|
c.
|
educated parents who
are familiar with theories of child development
|
|
d.
|
regular social
interaction with adults
|
|
e.
|
educational toys,
particularly books
|
ANS: D
DIF: Medium
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC:
Understanding
5. Which of the following is NOT one of the four
of the main agents of socialization discussed in the text?
|
a.
|
family
|
|
b.
|
peers
|
|
c.
|
school
|
|
d.
|
mass media
|
|
e.
|
government
|
ANS:
E
DIF:
Easy
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
6. The most concentrated period of socialization
is referred to as:
|
a.
|
formal operational
socialization
|
|
b.
|
primary
socialization
|
|
c.
|
secondary
socialization
|
|
d.
|
generalized other
socialization
|
|
e.
|
young adulthood socialization
|
ANS:
B
DIF:
Easy
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
7. Which is the main agent of socialization associated
with what is described as the primary socialization stage in most modern
societies?
|
a.
|
small-scale families
|
|
b.
|
extended
multigenerational households
|
|
c.
|
preschools and day
care
|
|
d.
|
television and other
media
|
|
e.
|
peer groups
|
ANS: A
DIF: Medium
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC:
Understanding
8. The period when peers, the media, and other
social institutions begin to heavily influence socialization beginning in later
childhood is referred to as:
|
a.
|
formal operational
socialization
|
|
b.
|
primary
socialization
|
|
c.
|
secondary
socialization
|
|
d.
|
generalized other
socialization
|
|
e.
|
young adulthood
socialization
|
ANS: C
DIF:
Easy
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
9. In contrast to American culture, infants and
young children in many societies are cared for by:
|
a.
|
isolated nuclear
families
|
|
b.
|
single households
with parents, grandparents, and other kin
|
|
c.
|
child care centers
|
|
d.
|
boarding schools
|
|
e.
|
no one and live on
the streets
|
ANS:
B
DIF: Easy
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
10. In contrast to modern societies, a person’s
lifelong position in most premodern societies was mostly determined by the:
|
a.
|
country in which a
person was born
|
|
b.
|
amount of education
a person achieved
|
|
c.
|
race and religion of
a person
|
|
d.
|
occupation and
income a person received
|
|
e.
|
family into which a
person was born
|
ANS:
E
DIF:
Easy
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
11. Schools teach children various academic
subjects. However, schools are also involved in the socialization process in
more latent ways, exemplified by their emphasis on:
|
a.
|
learning the
importance of triangulation
|
|
b.
|
understanding the
significance of education
|
|
c.
|
teaching students
the importance of observing rules
|
|
d.
|
making certain
students learn basic literacy
|
|
e.
|
equalizing
educational outcomes
|
ANS:
C
DIF: Medium
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
12. The high proportion of women in the workforce
in modern Western societies has increased the socialization influence of:
|
a.
|
peers
|
|
b.
|
families
|
|
c.
|
grandparents
|
|
d.
|
fathers
|
|
e.
|
mothers
|
ANS:
A
DIF: Medium
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
13. Friendship groups of similar age and social
background are known as:
|
a.
|
age grades
|
|
b.
|
socializing groups
|
|
c.
|
peer groups
|
|
d.
|
peer grades
|
|
e.
|
social grades
|
ANS:
C
DIF:
Easy
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
14. Formalized peer groups in small traditional
cultures are known as:
|
a.
|
age grades
|
|
b.
|
socializing groups
|
|
c.
|
peer groups
|
|
d.
|
peer grades
|
|
e.
|
social grades
|
ANS:
A
DIF:
Easy
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
15. By observing school-age children in their
classrooms and on the playground, Professor Barrie Thorne (1993) found that:
|
a.
|
most of what goes on
in school is gender neutral
|
|
b.
|
teachers’ attitudes
toward their jobs affected boys but not girls
|
|
c.
|
boys determined
norms in the classroom, whereas girls set the norms on the playground
|
|
d.
|
the school cafeteria
was a social context governed by the most demanding students
|
|
e.
|
popular girls set the
standards of behavior
|
ANS:
E
DIF: Medium
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
16. One can generalize from Barrie Thorne’s (1993)
research that culture shapes actions and values and children
|
a.
|
are more malleable
than adults
|
|
b.
|
rigidly enact the
behaviors of adults
|
|
c.
|
are also creative
actors in their own socialization
|
|
d.
|
are ultimately
unable to resist or alter socialization
|
|
e.
|
influence their
peers more than being influenced by them
|
ANS:
C
DIF: Medium
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Understanding
17. Gerbner et al. (1986) found the highest number
of violent acts per television episode in:
|
a.
|
cop shows
|
|
b.
|
science fiction
|
|
c.
|
talk shows
|
|
d.
|
comedies
|
|
e.
|
cartoons
|
ANS:
E
DIF:
Easy
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
18. According to research by Robert Hodge and
David Tripp (1986), the characteristic of television violence that has the most
significant effect on children’s behavior is the:
|
a.
|
number of violent
acts per hour
|
|
b.
|
context within which
the violence is portrayed
|
|
c.
|
time of day in which
violence is portrayed
|
|
d.
|
age of the violent
actors
|
|
e.
|
gender of the
perpetrators
|
ANS: B
DIF: Medium
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC:
Understanding
19. Researchers Robert Hodge and David Tripp
(1986) found that while watching television, children:
|
a.
|
are passive and just
registering content
|
|
b.
|
become a little
slower because watching has a tendency to make them lethargic
|
|
c.
|
tend to remember
only the violent components of the television show
|
|
d.
|
adopt only violent
acts they see in multiple media contexts
|
|
e.
|
interpret the
material in the framework of their own lives
|
ANS:
D
DIF: Medium
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC:
Understanding
20. Which of the following would be a positive,
albeit latent, consequence of the preoccupation with video games?
|
a.
|
It prepares young
men to go to war by neutralizing their feelings about death and killing.
|
|
b.
|
It prepares young
women for their subordinate roles in society.
|
|
c.
|
It teaches young
boys how to treat women in a socially acceptable manner.
|
|
d.
|
It instructs girls
and boys on the social norms of etiquette.
|
|
e.
|
It provides young
people with skills useful in an electronic age.
|
ANS:
E
DIF:
Difficult REF:
Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC:
Understanding
21. Media scholar Marsha Kinder argues that while
studying her son using video games, she learned that:
|
a.
|
the more he played,
the lower his IQ went
|
|
b.
|
he lost interest in
other aspects of his life
|
|
c.
|
the better he became
at the games, the more adept he became at drawing cartoons
|
|
d.
|
the better he became
at the games, the faster he was able to learn new languages
|
|
e.
|
when he stopped
playing for long periods of time, he experienced withdrawal-like symptoms
|
ANS:
C
DIF:
Easy
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
22. What is one of the ways in which
industrialization has contributed to changes in the socialization required for
work?
|
a.
|
Technology has made
work socialization unnecessary.
|
|
b.
|
The separation of
work and home requires workers to adapt to a variety of situations.
|
|
c.
|
For the first time
in history, people have to learn to cooperate with others at work.
|
|
d.
|
Working at home
becomes a major part of social life for the first time.
|
|
e.
|
Work is no longer
considered as significant a component of one’s life as leisure.
|
ANS:
B
DIF: Medium
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
23. Social roles can be defined as:
|
a.
|
social parts people
play when socialization has not been completed
|
|
b.
|
social positions
determined exclusively by position at birth
|
|
c.
|
social places
achieved by personal accomplishment, not by birth
|
|
d.
|
social expectations
for a person in a given position
|
|
e.
|
social boundary
violations due to incomplete socialization
|
ANS:
D
DIF:
Easy
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
24. According to the text, functionalists argue
that social roles:
|
a.
|
are inherently
embedded in social class contexts and related to social power
|
|
b.
|
are unchanging social
facts that are a part of a society’s culture
|
|
c.
|
really serve no
inherent function in supporting social structure
|
|
d.
|
are in a constant
state of change
|
|
e.
|
work well in
industrialized settings but experience dysfunction in more traditional
settings
|
ANS:
B
DIF:
Easy
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
25. The belief that individuals adopt the social
roles in which they are placed ignores the idea that:
|
a.
|
men are more
programmed than women to accept the norms of the dominant society
|
|
b.
|
social roles rarely
reflect societal consensus
|
|
c.
|
humans exercise
agency
|
|
d.
|
there is little
internalization of social roles in adults
|
|
e.
|
children exert more
choice over norms than over roles
|
ANS:
B
DIF: Medium
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
26. From a sociological perspective, the source of
individuality is:
|
a.
|
the id
|
|
b.
|
the ego
|
|
c.
|
gender
|
|
d.
|
socialization
|
|
e.
|
young adulthood
|
ANS:
D
DIF:
Easy
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
27. Sociologists often speak of two types of
identity, which are:
|
a.
|
social identity and
self-identity
|
|
b.
|
social attributes
and self-identity
|
|
c.
|
self-identity and
social roles
|
|
d.
|
gender and social
class
|
|
e.
|
gender and race
|
ANS:
A
DIF:
Easy
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
28. The process of self-development through which
we establish a unique sense of who we are as a person and our relationship to
the rest of the world is known as:
|
a.
|
social identity
|
|
b.
|
the I
|
|
c.
|
self-identity
|
|
d.
|
the me
|
|
e.
|
peer groups
|
ANS:
C
DIF:
Easy
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
29. Which of the following is NOT part of what is
called identity,
in the sociological sense?
|
a.
|
the understanding of
who we are
|
|
b.
|
a set of
characteristics we share with others
|
|
c.
|
a set of
characteristics that are completely unique to the individual
|
|
d.
|
multifacetedness
|
|
e.
|
the understanding of
what is meaningful to us
|
ANS: C
DIF: Medium
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
30. What is the difference between social identity
and self-identity?
|
a.
|
Social identity is a
static concept, whereas self-identity is dynamic.
|
|
b.
|
Social identity
focuses on similarities among people, whereas self-identity focuses on
individual differences.
|
|
c.
|
Social identity
describes postindustrial identities, whereas self-identity describes
postmodernist identities.
|
|
d.
|
Social identity is a
sociological concept, whereas self-identity is a psychological concept.
|
|
e.
|
Self-identity is a
sociological concept whereas social identity is a psychological concept.
|
ANS: B
DIF: Medium
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC:
Understanding
31. Sociologists argue that self-identities are
now more multifaceted and less stable. Which is NOT mentioned as a factor
contributing to this change?
|
a.
|
urbanization
|
|
b.
|
industrialization
|
|
c.
|
persistent
traditional social formations
|
|
d.
|
social and
geographical mobility
|
|
e.
|
homogenization of
communities
|
ANS: C
DIF:
Difficult REF:
Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC:
Understanding
32. Which of the following is NOT true of the
stages of the life course through which individuals pass?
|
a.
|
The stages are
biologically defined.
|
|
b.
|
The stages are
socially defined.
|
|
c.
|
The stages differ by
culture.
|
|
d.
|
The stags change
over time.
|
|
e.
|
The stages are more
psychological than sociological.
|
ANS: E
DIF: Medium
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC:
Understanding
33. The socialization process is complex and
involves different and distinct stages throughout the life course. These stages
are determined by which of the following?
|
a.
|
biological factors
|
|
b.
|
social influences
|
|
c.
|
cultural differences
|
|
d.
|
instinctual cues
|
|
e.
|
economic
circumstances
|
ANS:
D
DIF: Medium
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC:
Understanding
34. How is childhood today a different experience
from childhood a few hundred years ago?
|
a.
|
Children today work
in urban centers, whereas earlier children worked only on farms.
|
|
b.
|
Children today are
seen as miniature adults, whereas earlier children were portrayed as
completely without adult characteristics.
|
|
c.
|
Children today are
psychologically diverse, whereas earlier children all had nearly identical
emotional and mental traits.
|
|
d.
|
Children today are
seen as being in a unique stage, whereas in earlier times, childhood blended
with other stages.
|
|
e.
|
Children today learn
more from their family than from their age peers.
|
ANS:
D
DIF: Medium
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC:
Understanding
35. The concept of childhood as a particular stage
in the life cycle has its origins in:
|
a.
|
ancient biblical
readings
|
|
b.
|
hunting and
gathering societies
|
|
c.
|
medieval families,
particularly among the wealthy
|
|
d.
|
relatively recent
modern times
|
|
e.
|
traditional
patriarchal societies
|
ANS: D
DIF: Medium
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC:
Understanding
36. Which of the following stages in the life
course is NOT a relatively new development?
|
a.
|
childhood
|
|
b.
|
teenhood
|
|
c.
|
adolescence
|
|
d.
|
young adulthood
|
|
e.
|
old age
|
ANS:
E
DIF: Medium
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social reproduction.
MSC:
Understanding
37. The French historian Philippe Ariès argues
that childhood did not exist in medieval times. He supports this assertion by
pointing out that:
|
a.
|
children were
considered economic liabilities
|
|
b.
|
in paintings,
children were portrayed with mature faces and participating in the same work
and play activities as adults
|
|
c.
|
children had rights,
and child labor was considered morally repugnant
|
|
d.
|
literature from the
time period speaks of children being consulted in family decisions
|
|
e.
|
no stories or songs
were written for children
|
ANS:
B
DIF: Medium
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC:
Understanding
38. Young adulthood seems increasingly to be a
stage in personal and sexual development in modern societies, particularly
among affluent groups. Which is NOT evidence offered in the text in support of
this idea?
|
a.
|
Young adults are
taking time to travel.
|
|
b.
|
Young adults are
exploring sexuality.
|
|
c.
|
Young adults are
exploring political ideologies.
|
|
d.
|
Young adults are
exploring religions.
|
|
e.
|
Young adults are
more socially conservative than prior generations.
|
ANS:
E
DIF: Medium REF:
Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC:
Understanding
39. Certain stages in the life course have
expanded, whereas others have contracted. Which of the following best characterizes
this trend?
|
a.
|
Childhood is
expanding in time as we increasingly become more child centered.
|
|
b.
|
Adolescence and
young adulthood are expanding as young people extend their education and
postpone their movement into mature adulthood.
|
|
c.
|
Mature adulthood is
shrinking as the number of premature deaths cuts this stage short.
|
|
d.
|
Old age is shrinking
as more people remain active for a longer period.
|
|
e.
|
Mature adulthood is
expanding as people enter the full-time workforce at younger ages.
|
ANS:
B
DIF:
Difficult REF:
Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC:
Understanding
40. Which stage of the life course in modern
society involves increased individual freedom and responsibility, which may
produce a crisis for those who feel they have missed opportunities?
|
a.
|
childhood
|
|
b.
|
adolescence
|
|
c.
|
young adulthood
|
|
d.
|
mature adulthood
|
|
e.
|
old age
|
ANS:
C
DIF: Medium
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC:
Understanding
41. The highest status in traditional cultures was
the age-grade of a(n):
|
a.
|
child
|
|
b.
|
teenager
|
|
c.
|
young adult
|
|
d.
|
mature adult
|
|
e.
|
elder
|
ANS:
E
DIF: Medium
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
42. In _______________ societies, elders often
lack authority within the family and community.
|
a.
|
traditional
|
|
b.
|
medieval
|
|
c.
|
pastoral
|
|
d.
|
industrialized
|
|
e.
|
hunting and
gathering
|
ANS:
D
DIF: Medium
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
43. Social scientists have developed alternative
theories of child development. However, all theories of child socialization
share a common understanding of the:
|
a.
|
importance of human
contact
|
|
b.
|
significance of
symbolic interactionism
|
|
c.
|
priority of the
preoperational stage
|
|
d.
|
tendency of adults
to ignore their ongoing socialization
|
|
e.
|
significance of
functionalism
|
ANS:
A
DIF:
Easy
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC:
Understanding
44. According to George Herbert Mead, children
develop a sense of self by:
|
a.
|
going through
distinct stages of sensorimotor development
|
|
b.
|
going to school and
learning to read
|
|
c.
|
going to church and
gaining a soul
|
|
d.
|
imitating other
people
|
|
e.
|
ignoring their
parents
|
ANS:
D
DIF:
Easy
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Remembering
45. In George Herbert Mead’s theory of
socialization, when individuals see themselves as others see them, they have
accomplished:
|
a.
|
self-consciousness
|
|
b.
|
other-consciousness
|
|
c.
|
ego-consciousness
|
|
d.
|
sensorimotor
consciousness
|
|
e.
|
mirror consciousness
|
ANS:
A
DIF:
Easy
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Remembering
46. According to George Herbert Mead, the
socialization process occurs in three stages: the I stage, the mestage, and the:
|
a.
|
symbolic stage
|
|
b.
|
interactionist stage
|
|
c.
|
self-consciousness
stage
|
|
d.
|
imitative stage
|
|
e.
|
generalized other
stage
|
ANS:
E
DIF:
Easy
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Remembering
47. George Herbert Mead referred to the general
morals and values of the culture in which a child develops as the:
|
a.
|
symbolic morality
|
|
b.
|
symbolic interaction
|
|
c.
|
generalized other
|
|
d.
|
corporalized other
|
|
e.
|
deputized other
|
ANS:
C
DIF:
Easy
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Remembering
48. Jean Piaget’s theory of child development is
based on the:
|
a.
|
emergence of a sense
of self, of self-awareness
|
|
b.
|
stages of cognitive
development
|
|
c.
|
importance of
sociobiology
|
|
d.
|
stages of emotive
response
|
|
e.
|
phases of
evolutionary cognition
|
ANS:
B
DIF:
Easy
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Remembering
49. Behavior associated with Jean Piaget’s
sensorimotor stage is demonstrated when a:
|
a.
|
child senses that
his beliefs vary from what other people believe
|
|
b.
|
child learns that
when someone says “bye bye,” she should wave at that person
|
|
c.
|
child’s motor skills
are independent of cognitive development
|
|
d.
|
child learns about
her world by handling different objects
|
|
e.
|
child learns about
the generalized other
|
ANS:
D
DIF:
Difficult REF:
Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Applying
50. According to Jean Piaget, the ability to
understand things from a different perspective does not take place until the:
|
a.
|
preoperational
stage, or when a child is between ages two and seven
|
|
b.
|
concrete operational
stage, or when a child is between ages seven and 11
|
|
c.
|
formal operational state,
or when a child is between ages 11 and 15
|
|
d.
|
generalized other
stage, or when a child is between ages 16 and 18
|
|
e.
|
mature operational
stage, or when a child becomes an adult
|
ANS:
B
DIF:
Easy
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Remembering
51. Which of the following best describes adults
who NEVER reach the formal operational stage?
|
a.
|
They become highly empathetic.
|
|
b.
|
They are often
overly educated.
|
|
c.
|
They continue to
“play” with ideas.
|
|
d.
|
They cannot deal
with hypothetical ideas.
|
|
e.
|
They are unable to
think in concrete terms.
|
ANS:
D
DIF: Medium
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Applying
52. According to Sigmund Freud, the learning of
gender differences centers on the:
|
a.
|
relationship with
one’s father
|
|
b.
|
attachment to one’s
mother
|
|
c.
|
sexual nature of
sibling relationships
|
|
d.
|
presence or absence
of a penis
|
|
e.
|
psychosocial
development of the body
|
ANS:
D
DIF:
Easy
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Remembering
53. According to Sigmund Freud, around the age of
four or five, boys and girls identify:
|
a.
|
more with their
peers than their parents
|
|
b.
|
more with their
siblings than their parents
|
|
c.
|
with their same-sex
parent
|
|
d.
|
with their
opposite-sex parent
|
|
e.
|
with nonparental
adults
|
ANS:
C
DIF: Medium
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC:
Understanding
54. According to Sigmund Freud, during the period
of latency from about five years of age to puberty, sexual activity is
suspended and a very important influence in a child’s life becomes:
|
a.
|
opposite-sex peer
groups
|
|
b.
|
same-sex peer groups
|
|
c.
|
opposite-sex parent
|
|
d.
|
same-sex parent
|
|
e.
|
opposite-sex
siblings
|
ANS:
A
DIF: Medium
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC:
Understanding
55. Which is NOT one of the four major objections
to Sigmund Freud’s theory that is mentioned in the text?
|
a.
|
Gender learning
begins in infancy.
|
|
b.
|
In some cultures,
mothers are the primary disciplinarians.
|
|
c.
|
Boys repress erotic
feelings for their mothers.
|
|
d.
|
Female genitalia are
not inferior to male genitalia.
|
|
e.
|
Subtle factors other
than genital awareness affect gender identity.
|
ANS:
C
DIF:
Difficult REF:
Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC:
Understanding
56. Who among the following had the greatest
influence on Nancy Chodorow’s theory of gender development although she places
primary emphasis on the development of femininity rather than masculinity?
|
a.
|
Sigmund Freud
|
|
b.
|
George Herbert Mead
|
|
c.
|
Jean Piaget
|
|
d.
|
Jason Smythe
|
|
e.
|
Carol Gilligan
|
ANS: A
DIF: Medium
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC:
Understanding
57. Women are more sensitive and compassionate
than men, according to Nancy Chodorow’s theory of gender development because
they are:
|
a.
|
instinctively more
sympathetic
|
|
b.
|
able to stay
emotionally and physically closer to their mother
|
|
c.
|
molded by cultural
agents, such as the media, to be more egocentric
|
|
d.
|
genetically
programmed to be empathic
|
|
e.
|
socialized to be
more expansive and enigmatic
|
ANS:
B
DIF:
Easy
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Remembering
58. According to Nancy Chodorow’s theory of gender
development, men are more analytical and manipulative because they:
|
a.
|
gain a sense of self
by making a radical rejection of their closeness to their mothers
|
|
b.
|
have a more
aggressive posture due to higher levels of testosterone
|
|
c.
|
fear their fathers
and develop a gendered self in response
|
|
d.
|
are more
instinctively aggressive
|
|
e.
|
are more rational
than women and more left brain centered
|
ANS:
A
DIF:
Easy
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Remembering
59. Applying Nancy Chodorow’s theory can be
problematic when one is examining gender socialization in:
|
a.
|
poor families
|
|
b.
|
biracial families
|
|
c.
|
single-parent
families
|
|
d.
|
middle-class
families
|
|
e.
|
African American
families
|
ANS:
C
DIF:
Difficult REF:
Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Applying
60. Carol Gilligan’s (1982) research on gender
roles further develops the ideas of:
|
a.
|
Sigmund Freud
|
|
b.
|
George Herbert Mead
|
|
c.
|
Jean Piaget
|
|
d.
|
Jason Smythe
|
|
e.
|
Nancy Chodorow
|
ANS:
E
DIF: Medium
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC:
Understanding
61. According to Carol Gilligan’s (1982) research
on gender roles, what motivates women to be successful?
|
a.
|
sex and money
|
|
b.
|
power and prestige
|
|
c.
|
morality and money
|
|
d.
|
helping others and
building relationships
|
|
e.
|
individual
achievements and awards
|
ANS:
D
DIF:
Easy
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Remembering
62. According to Carol Gilligan’s (1982) research,
men tended to base their notions of moral right and wrong on:
|
a.
|
abstract ideals of
duty, justice, and individual freedom
|
|
b.
|
concrete economic
and social outcomes
|
|
c.
|
instrumental
measures of actions and results
|
|
d.
|
emotive rewards of
bonding and solidarity
|
|
e.
|
objective guidelines
of church and state
|
ANS:
A
DIF: Easy
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Remembering
63. According to Carol Gilligan’s (1982) research,
women and men differ in their view of moral judgments, with women tending to
see contradictions between:
|
a.
|
centering on
personal self-interest and the needs of the generalized other
|
|
b.
|
employing
authoritarian approaches and empathetic approaches
|
|
c.
|
following strict
moral guidelines and avoiding harm to others
|
|
d.
|
valuing feminist
parameters and traditional boundaries
|
|
e.
|
adhering to
individualist motivators and collective rewards
|
ANS:
C
DIF: Medium
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC:
Understanding
64. According to research by Deborah Carr (2004),
which is of the following is NOT a way that women’s lives have changed since
the middle of the twentieth century?
|
a.
|
More women are
working outside the home.
|
|
b.
|
More women are
delaying marriage.
|
|
c.
|
More women are
graduating from college.
|
|
d.
|
Women are having
fewer children.
|
|
e.
|
Women are now making
the same money as men.
|
ANS: E
DIF: Medium
REF: Research on Socialization Today
OBJ: Learn
how recent research on midlife and childcare challenges assumptions about
midlife, gender roles, and child
care.
MSC:
Remembering
65. According to Deborah Carr, women are taking on
a “new mid-life” in which they often:
|
a.
|
exit stale marriages
and start businesses
|
|
b.
|
feel conflict and
retreat to familiar nurturing roles and behaviors
|
|
c.
|
enter the workforce
for the first time
|
|
d.
|
intensify nurturing
roles, such as “helicopter” parenting
|
|
e.
|
have second families
made possible by reproductive technology
|
ANS:
A
DIF:
Easy
REF: Research on Socialization Today
OBJ: Learn
how recent research on midlife and childcare challenges assumptions about
midlife, gender roles, and child
care.
MSC:
Remembering
66. According to Deborah Carr, the relationships
between women who came of age in the 1950s and 1960s with their daughters could
be characterized by:
|
a.
|
a desire for their
daughters to have the family-centered life path that they enjoyed
|
|
b.
|
a mixture of
feelings, including admiration, regret, self-criticism, and concern
|
|
c.
|
a concern that their
daughters are not aggressive enough in a male-dominated world
|
|
d.
|
conflict as they
compete with one another over the scarce resources of time and attention
|
|
e.
|
confusing feelings
arising from regretting having had children and having spent too much time at
work
|
ANS:
B
DIF: Medium
REF: Research on Socialization Today
OBJ: Learn
how recent research on midlife and childcare challenges assumptions about
midlife, gender roles, and child
care.
MSC:
Understanding
67. Part of the challenge for Deborah Carr as a
public sociologist examining changes in women’s experiences of middle age is
to:
|
a.
|
show the connection
between women’s individual struggles and changes in society
|
|
b.
|
prove that women can
experience a positive transition
|
|
c.
|
convince policy
makers that women need support to return to school and to develop new careers
|
|
d.
|
advocate for women’s
groups trying to increase women’s rights
|
|
e.
|
take the side of
women in the public debate on gendered issues
|
ANS:
A
DIF:
Difficult REF:
Research on Socialization Today
OBJ: Learn
how recent research on midlife and childcare challenges assumptions about
midlife, gender roles, and child
care.
MSC:
Understanding
68. In the Jay Belsky et al. (2007) research on
child development comparing children cared for by relatives, nonrelatives, and
in child-care centers, the authors found all of the following EXCEPT that:
|
a.
|
children in child
care centers had more behavioral problems in elementary school
|
|
b.
|
children in
high-quality day care settings had higher vocabulary scores than other
children
|
|
c.
|
the quality of
parenting made more difference than who cared for the children
|
|
d.
|
child care centers
cause behavioral problems
|
|
e.
|
only small
differences in behavioral problems according to type of caretaker arrangement
exist
|
ANS:
D
DIF:
Difficult REF:
Research on Socialization Today
OBJ: Learn
how recent research on midlife and childcare challenges assumptions about
midlife, gender roles, and child
care.
MSC:
Understanding
69. Research by Jay Belsky et al. (2007) on child
development found family experiences to be:
|
a.
|
very important
because they are relatively stable experiences in children’s lives
|
|
b.
|
less important than
school classroom structure in shaping children’s outcomes
|
|
c.
|
too unstable to make
any significant difference in children’s performance
|
|
d.
|
less important than
child care centers
|
|
e.
|
important only
through sixth grade
|
ANS:
A
DIF:
Difficult REF:
Research on Socialization Today
OBJ: Learn
how recent research on midlife and childcare challenges assumptions about
midlife, gender roles, and child
care.
MSC:
Understanding
70. According to the text, one of the most
important debates and current research topics in socialization is in the area
of:
|
a.
|
role enhancement
|
|
b.
|
adolescent
socialization
|
|
c.
|
elderly role
reordering
|
|
d.
|
gender socialization
|
|
e.
|
mid-life role
changes
|
ANS:
D
DIF:
Easy
REF: Unanswered Questions about Socialization
OBJ: Learn
more about the debate over the influence of media on gender role socialization.
MSC: Remembering
71. In the experiment by Will et al. (1976), five
mothers reacted to an infant differently depending upon whether:
|
a.
|
the infant was
theirs or belonged to another
|
|
b.
|
other infants were
present
|
|
c.
|
the infant was of
the same race or ethnicity as themselves
|
|
d.
|
the infant was
crying or asleep
|
|
e.
|
the infant was
dressed as a boy or a girl
|
ANS:
E
DIF: Medium
REF: Unanswered Questions about Socialization
OBJ: Learn
more about the debate over the influence of media on gender role socialization.
MSC: Remembering
72. According to the text, which of the following
is NOT true about gender learning?
|
a.
|
By age two, children
have a partial understanding of gender.
|
|
b.
|
By age four, most
children still respond to adult males and females in a similar way.
|
|
c.
|
By five or six,
children think that a person’s sex does not change.
|
|
d.
|
Children believe
that sex differences are anatomically based.
|
|
e.
|
Even babies may
associate different scents with men and women.
|
ANS:
B
DIF:
Difficult REF:
Unanswered Questions about Socialization
OBJ: Learn
more about the debate over the influence of media on gender role socialization.
MSC: Remembering
73. In research comparing toy preferences among
children in Italy and Holland, Zammuner (1986) found that:
|
a.
|
Italian children
were more likely to choose gender-typed toys than Dutch children
|
|
b.
|
Dutch children were
more likely to choose gender-typed toys than Italian children
|
|
c.
|
Italian children
were less likely to choose gender-typed toys than their parents
|
|
d.
|
Dutch children were
less likely to choose gender-typed toys than their parents
|
|
e.
|
there was no
difference between Italian and Dutch children for their choice of toys
despite cultural differences
|
ANS:
A
DIF: Medium
REF: Unanswered Questions about Socialization
OBJ: Learn
more about the debate over the influence of media on gender role socialization.
MSC: Remembering
74. Zammuner’s (1986) research on children in
Italy and Holland found, as did other studies, that:
|
a.
|
girls from both
societies were more likely to choose gender-neutral or opposite-sex toys than
were boys
|
|
b.
|
boys from both
societies were more likely to choose gender-neutral or opposite-sex toys than
were girls
|
|
c.
|
girls and boys were
both likely to choose gender-neutral or opposite-sex toys
|
|
d.
|
Italian girls and
Dutch boys were the most likely to choose gender-neutral or opposite-sex toys
|
|
e.
|
Italian boys and
Dutch girls were the most likely to choose gender-neutral or opposite-sex
toys
|
ANS:
A
DIF:
Easy
REF: Unanswered Questions about Socialization
OBJ: Learn
more about the debate over the influence of media on gender role socialization.
MSC: Remembering
75. Building upon Zammuner’s (1986) research, one
can conclude that children are less likely to limit their toy preferences by
gender if they grow up in:
|
a.
|
societies with
single-sex educational systems
|
|
b.
|
societies with
coeducational schools
|
|
c.
|
single-parent
households
|
|
d.
|
societies with less
traditional gender roles
|
|
e.
|
societies with more
traditional gender roles
|
ANS:
D
DIF: Medium
REF: Unanswered Questions about Socialization
OBJ: Learn
more about the debate over the influence of media on gender role socialization.
MSC: Applying
76. Weitzman’s research in the 1970s found that
most storybooks and television for children portrayed:
|
a.
|
general gender
equality
|
|
b.
|
gender equality at
home but not in the workforce
|
|
c.
|
traditional gender
role reinforcement
|
|
d.
|
marked change in
female but not male roles
|
|
e.
|
significant change
in male roles but traditional female roles
|
ANS:
C
DIF:
Difficult REF:
Unanswered Questions about Socialization
OBJ: Learn
more about the debate over the influence of media on gender role socialization.
MSC:
Understanding
77. Which of the following is NOT true of
Statham’s (1986) study of parents committed to nonsexist child rearing?
|
a.
|
Most of the parents
were middle-class teachers or professors.
|
|
b.
|
Most parents wanted
to foster new combinations of masculine and feminine.
|
|
c.
|
Most parents were
successful with girls but not with boys.
|
|
d.
|
Parents found it
hard to go against existing gender learning.
|
|
e.
|
Most of the children
had gender-type toys given to them by others.
|
ANS:
A
DIF:
Easy
REF: Unanswered Questions about Socialization
OBJ: Learn
more about the debate over the influence of media on gender role socialization.
MSC: Remembering
78. Addressing the question of video games,
research by Douglas Gentile (2005) found:
|
a.
|
no association
between violent games and aggressiveness
|
|
b.
|
a strong correlation
between violent games and aggressiveness
|
|
c.
|
an association
between violent games and aggressiveness for boys but not one for girls
|
|
d.
|
no association
between violent games and aggressiveness for girls but one for boys
|
|
e.
|
a strong correlation
between violent games and aggressiveness for boys but not one for girls
|
ANS:
B
DIF:
Easy
REF: Unanswered Questions about Socialization
OBJ: Learn
more about the debate over the influence of media on gender role socialization.
MSC: Remembering
79. During a Congressional public health summit,
the American Medical Association and other organizations cited over 3,500
studies that:
|
a.
|
deny a link between
violent video games and problematic behavior in children
|
|
b.
|
find no clear or
significant association between violent video games and problematic behavior
in children
|
|
c.
|
support a link
between violent video games and problematic behavior in children
|
|
d.
|
call for a full
repeal of violent video games
|
|
e.
|
support video games
as intellectually stimulating play
|
ANS:
C
DIF: Medium
REF: Unanswered Questions about Socialization
OBJ: Learn
more about the debate over the influence of media on gender role socialization.
MSC: Remembering
80. Findings by Carolyn Rauch, a former senior
vice president of the Entertainment Software Association, which state that
“there are no studies that show a causal effect” between violent video games
and problematic behavior in children, might prompt you to examine her research
further because:
|
a.
|
other studies concur
with these findings
|
|
b.
|
the Entertainment
Software Association may have an interest in this conclusion
|
|
c.
|
Rauch’s findings are
different than those of her industry colleagues
|
|
d.
|
her research is
clearly outdated
|
|
e.
|
her research
requires a control group
|
ANS:
B
DIF:
Difficult REF:
Unanswered Questions about Socialization
OBJ: Learn
more about the debate over the influence of media on gender role socialization.
MSC: Analyzing
TRUE/FALSE
1. Social reproduction is made possible by
socialization.
ANS:
T
DIF:
Easy
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
2. Passing the values, norms, and behaviors of a
society from generation to generation is known as social evolution.
ANS:
F
DIF:
Easy
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
3. The family is the main socializing agency in
all cultures.
ANS:
T
DIF:
Easy
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
4. The most concentrated period of socialization
is referred to as formal operational socialization.
ANS:
F
DIF: Medium
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
5. Social roles can be defined as social
positions determined exclusively by position at birth.
ANS:
F
DIF: Medium
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
6. Sociologists often speak of two types of
identity: generalized-self and self-identity.
ANS:
F
DIF: Medium
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
7. The concept of childhood as a particular stage
in the life course began in relatively modern times.
ANS:
T
DIF:
Easy
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
8. In traditional societies, old people often
lacked authority within the family and community.
ANS:
F
DIF:
Easy
REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Remembering
9. According to George Herbert Mead, children
develop a sense of self by imitating other people.
ANS:
T
DIF:
Easy
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Remembering
10. According to George Herbert Mead, the
socialization process occurs in three stages: the I stage, the mestage, and the interactionist stage.
ANS:
F
DIF:
Easy
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Remembering
11. Jean Piaget’s theory of child development is
based on the stages of emotive development.
ANS:
F
DIF:
Easy
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Remembering
12. According to Jean Piaget, most people reach
the concrete operational phase as adults.
ANS:
F
DIF: Medium
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Remembering
13. According to Sigmund Freud, learning gender
differences center on the sexual nature of sibling relationships.
ANS:
F
DIF: Medium
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Remembering
14. One of the objections to Sigmund Freud’s
theory is that research shows that gender learning begins in infancy.
ANS:
T
DIF:
Easy
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Remembering
15. According to Nancy Chodorow’s theory of gender
development, women are instinctively more sympathetic, sensitive, and
compassionate than men.
ANS:
F
DIF: Medium
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Remembering
16. Applying Nancy Chodorow’s theory can be a
problem when examining gender socialization in single-parent families.
ANS: T
DIF: Medium
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Remembering
17. Carol Gilligan’s (1982) research on gender
roles builds on the work of George Herbert Mead.
ANS:
F
DIF: Medium
REF: Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Remembering
18. According to research by Deborah Carr (2004),
women now make the same pay as men.
ANS:
F
DIF:
Easy
REF: Research on Socialization Today
OBJ: Learn
how recent research on midlife and childcare challenges assumptions about
midlife, gender roles, and child
care.
MSC: Remembering
19. According to research by Deborah Carr (2004),
women are responding to a “new mid-life” by intensifying their nurturing roles
and staying very involved with their grown children.
ANS:
F
DIF:
Easy
REF: Research on Socialization Today
OBJ: Learn
how recent research on midlife and childcare challenges assumptions about
midlife, gender roles, and child
care.
MSC:
Remembering
20. In the research by Jay Belsky et al. (2007) on
child development, family experiences were found to be less important than
school classroom structure in shaping children’s outcomes.
ANS:
F
DIF: Medium
REF: Research on Socialization Today
OBJ: Learn
how recent research on midlife and childcare challenges assumptions about
midlife, gender roles, and child
care.
MSC:
Remembering
21. As discussed in relation to Deborah Carr’s
(2004) research, a challenge for public sociologists is to convince people to
change their behavior in a more liberal way.
ANS:
F
DIF: Medium
REF: Research on Socialization Today
OBJ: Learn
how recent research on midlife and childcare challenges assumptions about
midlife, gender roles, and child
care.
MSC:
Remembering
22. According to the text, one of the most
important debates and current research areas in socialization focuses on
mid-life role changes.
ANS:
F
DIF:
Easy
REF: Unanswered Questions about Socialization
OBJ: Learn
more about the debate over the influence of media on gender role socialization.
MSC: Remembering
23. Vanda Lucia Zammuner’s (1986) research found,
as did other studies, that girls are more likely to choose gender-neutral or
opposite-sex toys than boys.
ANS:
T
DIF:
Easy
REF: Unanswered Questions about Socialization
OBJ: Learn
more about the debate over the influence of media on gender role socialization.
MSC: Remembering
24. June Statham’s (1986) research indicates that
it is very difficult to raise children in a gender-neutral way.
ANS:
T
DIF: Easy
REF: Unanswered Questions about Socialization
OBJ: Learn
more about the debate over the influence of media on gender role socialization.
MSC: Remembering
25. Douglas Gentile and many other researchers,
including 3,500 studies cited during a Congressional public health summit, have
found that there is no correlation between playing violent video games and
aggressiveness.
ANS:
F
DIF:
Easy
REF: Unanswered Questions about Socialization
OBJ: Learn
more about the debate over the influence of media on gender role socialization.
MSC: Remembering
ESSAY
1. Compare the child development theories of
George Herbert Mead and Jean Piaget. Which one focuses more on the importance
of social interaction in socialization? Explain.
ANS:
Answers may vary.
DIF:
Medium REF:
Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Analyzing
2. Explain how social identity differs from self-identity.
Using yourself as an example, name and explain the various social identities
that an individual can possess.
ANS:
Answers may vary.
DIF:
Medium REF: Basic
Concepts
OBJ: Learn
the stages of the life course and see the similarities and differences among
cultures.
MSC: Creating
3. Is gender innate or learned? Cite specific
research from the text to support your position.
ANS:
Answers may vary.
DIF:
Medium REF:
Unanswered Questions about Socialization
OBJ: Learn
more about the debate over the influence of media on gender role socialization.
MSC:
Understanding
4. Although we are seeing more examples of
nontraditional gender roles for females in children’s books and television
programming, we are not seeing many examples of nontraditional male roles. Why?
Relate this to the concept of gender socialization and use all agents of
socialization.
ANS:
Answers may vary.
DIF:
Difficult REF:
Unanswered Questions about Socialization
OBJ: Learn
more about the debate over the influence of media on gender role socialization.
MSC: Creating
5. Sigmund Freud’s theories, although
influential, are considered dated and are not interpreted and applied in a
strict manner by most of social science. What type of influence has his theory
of gender development had on more recent social science theories?
ANS:
Answers may vary.
DIF:
Difficult REF:
Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Applying
6. June Statham found that parents who would like
to raise their children using nonsexist practices find it difficult to raise
children in a gender-neutral way. What are some of the problems these parents
face? Give specific examples.
ANS:
Answers may vary.
DIF:
Medium REF:
Unanswered Questions about Socialization
OBJ: Learn
more about the debate over the influence of media on gender role socialization.
MSC: Remembering
7. Explain the four major criticisms of Sigmund
Freud’s views of gender development.
ANS:
Answers may vary.
DIF:
Medium REF:
Theories of Socialization
OBJ: Learn
the theories of child development according to Mead, Piaget, Freud, and
Chodorow.
MSC: Remembering
8. Of all the agencies of socialization, which do
you think is most influential in childhood? Over the life course of the
individual? Explain using sociological examples to support your thesis.
ANS:
Answers may vary.
DIF:
Medium REF: Basic
Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Creating
9. Is the Internet an agency of socialization? If
so, in what ways? If not, why not?
ANS:
Answers may vary.
DIF:
Medium REF: Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Creating
10. Using your favorite novel of childhood,
discuss the process of socialization as the characters in the book portray it.
ANS:
Answers may vary.
DIF:
Difficult REF:
Basic Concepts
OBJ: Learn
about how the four main agents of socialization contribute to social
reproduction.
MSC: Applying
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